A Critical Analysis of Orientalism in the Perspective of Iqbal's Philosophy

Abstract

This paper explores the rejection of Orientalism through the lens of Iqbal's thought, presenting a critical engagement with Western academic and cultural discourse. Drawing upon Islamic philosophy and the rich legacy of Muslim intellectual tradition, Iqbal offers a profound critique of Western discourse, particularly the reductionist and hegemonic attitudes embedded within Orientalism. By analyzing Iqbal’s poetry, lectures, and philosophical writings, the paper demonstrates how he challenges the colonial constructs of the East by reasserting the spiritual autonomy and intellectual sovereignty of the Muslim world. The study situates Iqbal within the broader framework of postcolonial critique, aligning his ideas with modern critical theorists such as Edward Said, albeit anticipating them by several decades. It also examines the intricate dynamics between Iqbal and the West, not merely as a binary of opposition, but as a dialogue wherein Iqbal selectively engages with Western philosophy to strengthen the cause of Muslim selfhood. Ultimately, this research highlights Iqbal’s response to Orientalism as a foundational contribution to decolonizing knowledge and reclaiming the dignity of Islamic civilization in the face of colonial knowledge and power.