Makhz (Research Journal)

Abstraction in Hameed Shahid’s Short Stories

Muhammad Qasim, Dr. Nazar Khaleeq — Thu, 05 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0500

Hameed Shahid is famous Urdu short story writer. He belongs to modern era. He portrait the socio-political situation of his era thorough abstraction. His socio-political observation is very vast and deep which provide him awareness about the cultural, social, political and economic situation of the society .He experienced different styles to express his feeling and observations in his short stories. Abstraction is one of them. Through this article an effort has been made to acknowledge the abstract style of his short stories.

Sexuality and Urdu Novel: Formation, Transformation and Evolution of Narrative Discoirse

Muhammad Saleem Sarwar, Dr. Nadia Ashraf — Mon, 09 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0500

This article explores the evolution of sexuality in the Urdu novel, beginning with its conceptual meanings and interpretive dimensions within literary and cultural contexts. In early Urdu fiction, sexuality is expressed through symbolic and allusive modes, often mediated by the figure of the courtesan (tawaif), who embodies the intersection of art, desire, and commodified intimacy. In the twentieth century, sexual discourse gradually moves beyond the confines of the kotha into the lives of ordinary individuals, marking a significant shift in narrative representation. The latter half of the century witnesses further expansion under the influence of Western cultural paradigms, creating a dynamic interplay with Eastern traditions. Subsequently, sexuality enters a purposive phase, becoming a means of thematic and ideological expression. In contemporary Urdu fiction, it assumes the form of a socio-economic force, functioning as a kind of currency within structures of power, social relations, and material interests.

The Influence of Shah Abdul Latif Bhittai`s Poetry on the Poetry of Dadu Dayal

Muhammad Rashid Shar — Sun, 15 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0500

Just as every poet is shaped by the social, economic, political, and literary currents of their time, Shah Abdul Latif Bhittai similarly evolved by absorbing the minor and major religious, socio-economic, political, and literary influences of both his own period and the periods preceding it. Historically, Dadu Dayal belonged to the Tarkhan period, whereas Shah Latif was a poet of the Kalhora dynasty. Consequently, whenever preceding poets, scholars, or intellectuals disseminated profound philosophical thought, Latif not only praised their lives and ideologies but also demonstrated a deep assimilation of their wisdom. Among the figures whose philosophies Latif integrated into his poetry, Dadu Dayal holds a distinguished position. A comparative study of Dadu Dayal's life and work alongside Latif’s verses reveals a definitive influence of Dayal's poetry on Latif's work. Furthermore, an examination of Dadu Dayal’s philosophy, contextualized with Latif's Sur Ramkali and his extensive travels across the Sindh and Hind regions, indicates that Latif’s profound reverence for jogis and samis is a remarkable reflection of the influence of Dadu Dayal and his ascetic lineage (Panth). It is, therefore, undeniable that while Latif’s poetry reflects the impact of various international and regional intellectual paradigms from Sindh and Hind, Dadu Dayal remains a pivotal figure among these scholars, casting a profound influence on Latif’s art, thought, and life. The primary objective of this thesis is to establish that among the various intellectuals, Sufis, saints, bhagats, samis, and jogis who influenced Latif, Dadu Dayal holds significant prominence. By comparatively analyzing Latif's poetry with Dadu Dayal's ideology, thought, and verses, this research presents substantive examples to conclusively demonstrate the profound impact of Dadu Dayal's philosophy on Shah Abdul Latif Bhittai.