Makhz (Research Journal)

Linguistic Theory of the Balochi Language

2024-10-03T01:11:18+05:00

The Balochi language, spoken primarily in the regions of Pakistan, Iran, and Afghanistan, has been the subject of various linguistic studies and theories. As a member of the Northwestern Iranian branch of the Indo-Iranian language family, Balochi shares linguistic traits with other Iranian languages like Persian and Kurdish. Scholars have debated its origins, with some suggesting that it developed from ancient Iranian languages, while others posit it as a continuation of the Median language. Phonetic, morphological, and syntactic aspects of Balochi reveal a complex structure, shaped by historical migrations and interactions with other languages such as Avesta, old Persian, Sumari, and Madi. The language's dialectal diversity, often categorized into Eastern, Western, and Southern Balochi, further enriches its linguistic profile. Modern linguistic theories about Balochi also explore its endangered status, given the rising influence of dominant languages in the region and the challenges of its preservation. The study of Balochi provides key insights into the linguistic history of the Iranian plateau and the cultural heritage of the Baloch people.

Perspectives on the Third Crusade in the Novel "Malk ul Aziz Varjina"

2024-10-12T13:14:08+05:00

Abdul Halim Sharar (1860-1926) in his Urdu novel “Malk ul Aziz Varjina” dipicted events and impactas revolving aroud the Third Crusade. This short article is an effort to identify the differences and similarities in fact and fiction in the novel. This novel is in fact a creative rebuttle to Sir Walter Scott's novel on same theme, The Talisman (1825). Walter Scott presented Christian perspective that in view of Sharar need correction. This sensitivity to relegious and national identity was indeed stem from the fact that after the War of Independence in 1857, Muslims of India felt humilated and helpless. The aim of these historical novels writing was to develop sense of glory of Islam in the young generation. After comparing and analyzing the events of the third crusade in the novel with other historical books, some differences and commonalities are revealed which helped in reaching the historical authenticity; and thus, shed light on mutual boundries as well as limitations of the history and the literature.

The fusion of Hindi and Muslim Culture in Manzar Bhopali's Poetry

2024-10-14T16:51:59+05:00

Manzar Bhopali (Syed Ali Raza) was born on 29/12/1959 in Amravati, Maharashtra, India. Manzar Bhopali relates to a literature family with the father himself poet and the mother as an educationist. His success depends on his poetry in the form of Ghazal, Nazam and Gheet. The undergo research article is based on the relationship between Hindo and Muslim Culture in his poetry. Manzar Bhopali is a very famous poet in Mushairas. Basically, he writes ghazal but has also ventured into other areas of poetry. He has won many awards and has participated in international mushaira.