Makhz (Research Journal)

Aesthetic Expression of Personified Characters in the Poems of Majeed Amjad

2024-03-18T11:05:35+05:00

This research paper is centered around the key concept of Personification. The literary device personification symbolizes the attribution of human qualities and sentiments to inanimate or non-living objects. This technique has been used in literature since ancient times. In the modern era, poets are compelled by contemporary requirements to use this technique in their poetry. One such poet is Majeed Amjad whose poetry represents twentieth century. Amjad personifies different aspects and objects of nature in his poems, the study of which is the central aim of this research paper. This paper first highlights the Western understanding of personification by quoting examples. Then it analyzes how different phenomena and objects are personified in Amjad's poetry including trees, grass, leaves, echo, a beggar woman, a blood spot, and many other. This paper brings together the Western and Oriental literary trends in Urdu which marks its vast scope and implies further research in this domain.

A Research Review of “Dehli Ki Sham” in Postcolonial Context

2024-03-18T16:41:12+05:00

Colonialism may be defined as to control an independent territory by other people without inhabitant will and wish. These people are called colonizers. They make reasonable arrangements for their residence and livelihood and occupy the resources of the local population by usurping their rights. The colonized are outnumbered but cannot challenge the power and resources of the colonizer. They willingly accept the rules laid down by the colonizer. Homi K Bhabha has a unique position and identity in terms of postcolonial studies. His recognition and uniqueness in literature and criticism is his postcolonial concepts, which he elaborated in his book "The Location of Culture" published in 1994. He has added a new chapter in literature and criticism by coining new terms like Mimicry, Hybridity, and Ambivalence. Ahmed Ali’s novel presents every aspect of Muslim life, their culture, daily life, anti-colonial rebellion and partiality and the uniqueness and hybridity of Muslim culture with other Indian cultures. The study shows how the colonizer changes colonized people culture and values for his nefarious purposes.

Background of Tareeno Dialect’s Proverbs

2024-03-18T16:57:12+05:00

Tareeno is dialect of Pashto language. Which is spoken in Harnai as well as Sharag, Sinjaive, Chawter and Duki. Tareeno dialect has own folklore. But until now it’s not documented. There are many proverbs in tareeno language, which have been collected and discussed with their meanings researcher in Pashto language in this research paper.

The Tradition of Composing Travelogue in Okara

2024-03-25T17:44:35+05:00

Travelogue pertains to and is included in such genre of Urdu literature which incorporates foreign literature, literature hunt, adventurous literature and travel diaries of other countries. These travelogues tend to highlight salient features of a particular country, it's literally environment, geography, socio-cultural values, economic and political situation alongside progress in respect of genres of literature. The purpose of writing a travelogue is to inform the readers about personal experiences and allied events. The actual purpose of a travelogue is to arouse longing to know more about alien land and narrate tales of a particular journey. Of allied types of such gener, the history of a Diary can be traced to 2nd century AD. A travelogue specifically comprises of events, expressions and particulars of a journey. Artistically, travelogue is a description which a traveller pens down either during the course of journey or at the end through his observations, feelings and at times at the instance of his heart. Therefore, the real motive of narrating a travelogue is not restricted to history, geography and living standards of a particular area. So with the passage of time, new innovations would be witnessed in connection with genre of travelogue.

Brahui Wasahat (An Overview)

2024-03-27T10:37:43+05:00

Wasahat is main component of any language and Folk literature. It is beauty of every language and literature. In this article Brahui (WASAHAT) highlight and discuss their usage also. In this research Paper discussed and differentiated Brahui (WASAHAT) and Brahui Proverbs with examples.

A Critical Study of Shibli Nomani’s “Seerat-un-Nabi (PBUH)”

2024-03-27T10:39:52+05:00

Sirat-un-Nabi (Life of the Prophet) is a vast and sensitive topic. Just after the Prophet, this topic became very popular beside Tafseer-e-Quran and Hadith. Many prominent scholars took this subject and explore many shades of the life of Holy Prophet. Allama Shibli Noumani is re-known Urdu scholar, historic and poet. His book Seerat-un-Nabi considered one of the important books, which is authentic biography of the Holy Prophet (PBUH). He completed only two volumes of this book, but he in his work proved his expertise. Shibli challenged the orthodontic view point of certified authors whose writings caused confusion with regard to true teachings of Holy Prophet (PBUH). He addressed many queries and succeeded to clarify them within the parameters of Seerat and History. This is a critical review to explore the Artistic aspect of Shibli in light of the Seerat-un-Nabi (PBUH).

A Technical and Intellectual Review of “Mata Aina” Written by Laiq Zada Laiq

2024-03-30T10:02:31+05:00

Laiq Zada Laiq is a shining star who has contributed many literary marvels to the Pashto literature. He has immensely added in poetry, prose, fiction or drama and column writing or broadcasting ultimately exalting his stature in Pashto literature. This article undertakes a technical and intellectual review of “Mata Aina” his first literary masterpiece in fiction. Technically, all the fictional tales in this book have has narrated the stories concisely in perfect settings and a rational and logical agreement between the events has been preserved. The psychology and age of the characters are also according to the stories and they are the representation of the intellectual situation of our society. Strong scenery in every story is the strength of Mata Aina but the similarity in depiction sometimes makes reading less entertaining. The narration and cohesiveness in the stories also strengthen the quality of this book. In the end, intellectual the book Mata Aina of Laiq Zada Laiq also depicted the lives and society as an essential element of the different fictional tales.

The Terms of "Hikmat-e-Kaleemi" and "Hikmat-e-Firhoani" and a review of the Political and Social Situation of the Islamic World (An Overview)

2024-03-30T10:05:16+05:00

The Publication of Allama Iqbal's Masnawi "Pas Cha Baid Kurd O Aqwam-e-Sharq" was published in 1934.When his message was complete and his philosophy had reached the height of its maturity. In his opening speech, Iqbal he looks like an inquisitive pilgrim of the right path, who is moving towards the goal by taking lessons from observations and experiences in the light of common sense, but in Masnavi, "What should be done to the nations of the East", his position is that of a guide. He is one who is aware of the vicissitudes of the path and wants to benefit others from his experiences. The fourteen topics of Masnawi "Pas Cha Baid Kurd" are of great importance. In Allama Iqbal's Masnawi "Pas Che Baid Kard" the following fourteen topics have been discussed in detail. Especially. "Hikmat-e-Kaleemi" and "Hikmat-e-Firhoani". In these two topics (Good and Evil are discussed), what are the benefits of following the path indicated by Allah? What are the disadvantages of not following the path indicated by Allah? It has been discussed extensively.

Research Analysis of "Kulliyat-e-Majeed Amjad" in the Light of Textual Criticism

2024-04-04T16:29:45+05:00

Majeed Amjad is, one of the famous names in modern Urdu poetry. Although his selection of poetry was known in his life and after his demire, for the first time Khwaja M.Zakria compiled his poetry by the title 'Kulliyat-e-Majeed Amjad'. Khawaja M.Zakaria is recognized as an educationist, researcher, critic and compiler. He has many books in this regard, but 'Kulliyat-e-Majeed Amjad' became the reason for his fame. The process of compilation is an arduous enterprise and is bases on extensive research. In this research article, a thorough analysis of 'kulliyat-e-Majeed Amjad' has been made refering to the principles of literary compilation and to evaluate how to successful Khwaja M.Zakria has been in his compilation of the text.

A Study of Nilofar Iqbal's Short Stories Collection “Siah Sona”

2024-04-07T11:44:17+05:00

"Siah Sona" is Nilofar Iqbal's third and so far his last collection of fiction. Some of his fiction in this collection are reminiscent of his first two fiction collections in terms of technique and subject matter, and some of the fiction are of new technique and unique subject matter. But the flow of style is in all three collections. Her fiction is neither original style nor weighed down by heavy techniques. She chooses this specific style for her fiction writing. That is closer to their mood. In this period when Urdu fiction has explored many possibilities. It is a challenge to make a name in the fiction of narrative tradition and realistic mood, but to get a high position. But Nilofar Iqbal has done her job well.

Persian Epic writing and its reflection in the Sindhi poetry of Tha’bit Ali Shah (The first Sindhi Elegy writer and his Epic writing in Ferdowsi’s Style)

2024-04-08T09:51:01+05:00

Sayyed Tha’bit Ali Shah is a renowned elegiac poet of the Kalhora and Talpur period who apart from being the first Sindhi poet to introduce elegy in Sindhi poetry, also wrote epic poetry in Ferdowsi's style. Due to the genius of writing elegies in the Sindhi language, he is considered as the greatest elegiac writer of the subcontinent and is called "Anis of Sindh". He wrote elegies and Sindhi poems based on Arabic and Persian prosody and used Persian words, similes, phrases, allusions and metaphors in Sindhi elegies, which were not common in Sindhi poetry before. He has decorated his poetry with allusions, Quranic verses and hadiths. Being influenced by Ferdowsi’s Shahnama, Tha’bit Ali Shah has written an Epic following the same meter and rhyme of Shahnama e Ferdousi regarding the war which took place between the Kalhora and Talpur rulers and has named it “Zafar Nameh”. This poem is one of his masterpieces in Persian language. Tha’bit Ali Shah visited Iran as an embassador of the Talpur rulers, and during his meeting with Fath Ali Shah Qajar, he presented two of his Persian odes which he had written in praise of the Shah of Iran. His odes were appreciated by Fath Ali Shah Qajar. This outstanding poet was proficient in Saraiki, Sindhi, Urdu, Persian and Arabic languages, and his poems are praiseworthy in all four languages.

An overview of Wajda Tabassum's Novels and Novelettes

2024-04-09T13:27:27+05:00

Wajida Tabassum has tried to prove that all the work of this world is not done by one man by describing the life of Riji(A character)extensively and deeply in her fitcions. And it is not enough for a person to take responsibility for everything. Every human being sent to this world has a role of his own. It is enough if he plays his role well. Riji took all the work and responsibilities of the world on his head. He also took on the tasks that were not his, that is, when his brother Javed became a doctor, he was going to get married, so now Raji's responsibility was over. Now she too should have thought about her future and had to fill a supporter for the marriage, but after that taking the responsibility of bringing up and taking care of her brother's children was an additional burden. Because of which she goes crazy and when she recovers, the water has gone over her head.

The Evolution of Humor in Brahui Literature

2024-04-15T15:43:15+05:00

This article will examine the evolution of humor and satire in Brahui literature. Brahui literature is also progressed in every field of literature. Poet and intellectuals have written many masterpieces of humor in Brahui language. The roots of humor are connecting in the folk literature. In past, Brahui speaking people had gathered at night and used humor and funny tricks for entertainment. Humor not only means to make laughter people but also disclose the weakness of society and show the way of progress. Hence, literature discusses the life of human being and its society. People always read and write literature for the sake of human development and welfare society. Humor also plays vital role in the betterment of human society. Modern literature of Brahui language has progressed in many ways. Now in Brahui literature, humor writing became much popular as other fields of literature.

Comparison of Style and Stylistic Debates

2024-04-15T16:23:04+05:00

In modern Urdu criticism, a trend of stylistic criticism has been seen after linguistics. The scientific study of language is called linguistics whereas the scientific study of style is called stylistics. However, the new student of literature is unable to distinguish between style and stylistic, often moving to style discussion with a focus on stylistic study or analyzing style with a view to stylistic evaluation of a work of art. In this essay, an attempt is made to present the discussions of style and stylistics in such a way that it is easy for the student of literature to distinguish between the two. Style looks at the merits or demerits of many aspects of a work, while stylistics only looks at the use of language and its structure in literature. The main sources of style are author, environment, thought, language and reader, while the source of stylistics is linguistics. There are three main branches of linguistics (historical, descriptive, and applied). Stylistics is studied under Applied Linguistics.

Review of Deputy Nazeer Ahmad's Novel "Toubat al-Nusuh" and "Fasana Mubtala” (In terms of technique and locale)

2024-04-20T10:43:46+05:00

It is crucial to understand the location and the technique of writing any novel or fiction since it explains the writer's understanding of his surroundings and the grip he has on his characters. The purpose of this paper is to examine the technique and location of Deputy Nazeer Ahmad's novels "Toubat al-Nusuh" and "Fasana Mubtala." In "Toubat al-Nusuh," Deputy Nazeer Ahmad employs a unique writing technique that captures the essence of storytelling. The novel is set in a rural village, providing a vivid portrayal of the local culture, traditions, and way of life. In Fasana Mubtala with a combination of first-person narration and multiple perspectives, Ahmad creates a dynamic and engaging narrative. Additionally, the novel is set in a bustling city, offering a rich depiction of the urban environment and its social dynamics. The local events and little unique things make the writing a historical piece that stores the culture of the people.

Asif Farrukhi’s Poems: Thematic and Compositional Study

2024-04-21T18:27:59+05:00

Asif Farrukhi is a multi-dimensional creator. He has rendered valuable services in the field of fiction writing ,criticism and translation but few people in literary world are aware that he also contributed to poetry and published a collection of prose poems .He presented various topics in his own style by his poems. Asif Farrukhi expressed the contemporary situations through his prose poems. He also described the crisis of the country and social situation of Karachi. Asif Farrukhi was an erudite man. He was not only proficient in different languages but also has a deep familiarity with the literature of these languages, so he has used various signs and symbols in his poems. His services are the most valueable asset of literature.