Makhz (Research Journal)

Satire and Humor in the Balochi Language and Literature: A Critical Study

Sharif Mir — 2025-10-02

Satire and humor have played a significant role in shaping the literary tradition of Balochi, extending beyond modern literature to its neo-classical and classical phases. Classical poetry in Bewargh and Granaz Romantic story incorporated humor and satire in their love story, while in the neo-classical period, the poetry of Tawkali Mast stands as a prominent example. In the modern era, poets including Muhammad Mortani, Akram Sahib Khan, Abid Askani, and Phullan Umar have continued this tradition with notable contributions. Similarly, modern Balochi prose has witnessed the emergence of distinguished satirists such as Muhammad Baig Baigul, Sikkik Azat, Tariq Peshukani, and Essa Gul, who have significantly enriched the genre. The objective of this paper is to examine the contributions of these poets and prose writers, highlighting their role in cultivating satire and humor within the broader framework of Balochi literature. This study seeks to underscore the richness and diversity of Balochi literary expression, particularly in the domain of satire and humor, thereby situating Balochi literature within the global literary landscape.

A Brief Study of the Works of the Writers, Researchers, and Critics of Sindhi Literature

Zulfiqar Ali Jalbani — 2025-10-07

Sindhi is an ancient language whose evolution and development journey are different centuries. Sindhi writers, researchers and critics have been promoting their language in literary annals by presenting the best creations, researches and criticisms in Sindhi language on various aspects, highlighting the history, civilization and culture of Sindhi. From ancient times to the present 21st century, Sindhi literature has achieved historical status. Many Creator, researcher, and critical thinker is a visionary who weaves together the threads of art, science, and philosophy to create innovative and thought-provoking works. With a poet's sensitivity and a researcher's rigor, this individual navigates the complexities of human experience, seeking to understand and interpret the world in all its beauty and complexity. Through their work, they challenge assumptions, spark new ideas, and inspire others to think critically and creatively.

A Critical Study of Linguistic Deviation in Novel “Qurbat e Marg Main Muhabat”

Neel Zahra — 2025-10-07

The study of the linguistic tradition of the Urdu novel indicates that until the twentieth century its language largely conformed to conventional frameworks, where style, syntax, metaphors, similes and orthography reflected the classical expectations of readers. However, the twenty-first-century novelist departed from these conventions by introducing novelty and individuality into language. Different forms of linguistic deviation; syntactic, semantic, morphological and orthographic; emerge as deliberate creative practices within the narrative. Such deviations are not merely acts of breaking tradition; rather, they expand the expressive scope of the language, infuse the text with freshness and open new intellectual and aesthetic possibilities for the reader. Thus, through these linguistic experiments, the Urdu novel contributes not only to the evolution of literary tradition but also offers new dimensions for linguistic scholarship. The current paper focuses on the study of linguistic deviation in the novel “Qurbat e Marg Main Muhabat” by Mustansar Hussain Tarar.

The founder of the English Essay (Light Essay): 'Francis Bacon' - Research and Criticism

Imran Khan — 2025-10-08

This paper explores the development of Essay from infancy to maturity. As usual, it started in French with the writings of Montaign. Montaign’s influence was very strong on Francis Bacon who developed it and fit medium for his pragmatic philosophy on range of topics concerning human existence. His Essays are full of worthy wisdom and writthen in terse English. He also brought his scientific understandings in to its main theme thereby making Essays a genere of the sort to be reckoned with. This is significant as, subsequent writers made it at apt vehicle/medium of expression in prose. This study is significant as it not only traces its development but also critique the ways Bacon popularized and brought Essays to the zenith of the standard. The study concludes that this development of Essay in the hands of Bacon was instrumental in not only enlarging the scope of the genre but also encouraged many to test their muscles in prose rather than in verses.

Urdu Ghazals and New Requirements: An Analysis

Uzma Noreen — 2025-10-16

Ghazal is a classical traditional genre, it has been influenced by modernity, but not in the way that novels, short stories and poems have been. Nevertheless, if we study this genre in depth, the ghazal created before the Second World War in response to the capitalist system, the ghazal written artificially in the sixties under the influence of the modernist movement, and the naturally modern ghazal sung in the last quarter of a century, all three experiences seem different. The ghazal that is being sung in Urdu today is naturally compatible with modern life in every respect, in its vocabulary, metaphors and symbols, and subject and thought. The era of modernity in Pakistani society is the present, therefore, modern ghazals in the true sense have been being written since the last quarter of a century. Our naive critics who are looking for post-modernity in Urdu are just like we were looking for modernity in the sixties. This is a needle in a haystack, and as a result, when they look for postmodernism in a work of art, the work of art does not confirm it because it is entirely a product of the effects of postmodernism.

Characters of the Balochi Folk Tale: An Artistic and Narrative Analysis

Abdul Raziq — 2025-10-17

The characters of Balochi folk tales embody the collective consciousness, cultural values, and moral imagination of the Baloch society. Rooted in oral tradition, these characters, ranging from kings, queens, and shepherds to tricksters, lovers, and spiritual figures, reflect the community’s ideals of bravery, loyalty, wisdom, and justice. Through symbolic and archetypal roles, they illustrate the tension between fate and free will, good and evil, and individual and collective identity. Female characters often emerge as powerful symbols of endurance and wisdom, while male figures represent courage and leadership within tribal and moral frameworks. The narrative structure and characterization in Balochi folklore are not merely entertainment but serve as moral, philosophical, and social commentary, linking mythic imagination with historical experience. This study explores how these characters construct cultural identity and express the poetic truth of Baloch collective existence.