Makhz (Research Journal)

Satire and Humor in the Balochi Language and Literature: A Critical Study

Sharif Mir — 2025-10-02

Satire and humor have played a significant role in shaping the literary tradition of Balochi, extending beyond modern literature to its neo-classical and classical phases. Classical poetry in Bewargh and Granaz Romantic story incorporated humor and satire in their love story, while in the neo-classical period, the poetry of Tawkali Mast stands as a prominent example. In the modern era, poets including Muhammad Mortani, Akram Sahib Khan, Abid Askani, and Phullan Umar have continued this tradition with notable contributions. Similarly, modern Balochi prose has witnessed the emergence of distinguished satirists such as Muhammad Baig Baigul, Sikkik Azat, Tariq Peshukani, and Essa Gul, who have significantly enriched the genre. The objective of this paper is to examine the contributions of these poets and prose writers, highlighting their role in cultivating satire and humor within the broader framework of Balochi literature. This study seeks to underscore the richness and diversity of Balochi literary expression, particularly in the domain of satire and humor, thereby situating Balochi literature within the global literary landscape.

A Brief Study of the Works of the Writers, Researchers, and Critics of Sindhi Literature

Zulfiqar Ali Jalbani — 2025-10-07

Sindhi is an ancient language whose evolution and development journey are different centuries. Sindhi writers, researchers and critics have been promoting their language in literary annals by presenting the best creations, researches and criticisms in Sindhi language on various aspects, highlighting the history, civilization and culture of Sindhi. From ancient times to the present 21st century, Sindhi literature has achieved historical status. Many Creator, researcher, and critical thinker is a visionary who weaves together the threads of art, science, and philosophy to create innovative and thought-provoking works. With a poet's sensitivity and a researcher's rigor, this individual navigates the complexities of human experience, seeking to understand and interpret the world in all its beauty and complexity. Through their work, they challenge assumptions, spark new ideas, and inspire others to think critically and creatively.

A Critical Study of Linguistic Deviation in Novel “Qurbat e Marg Main Muhabat”

Neel Zahra — 2025-10-07

The study of the linguistic tradition of the Urdu novel indicates that until the twentieth century its language largely conformed to conventional frameworks, where style, syntax, metaphors, similes and orthography reflected the classical expectations of readers. However, the twenty-first-century novelist departed from these conventions by introducing novelty and individuality into language. Different forms of linguistic deviation; syntactic, semantic, morphological and orthographic; emerge as deliberate creative practices within the narrative. Such deviations are not merely acts of breaking tradition; rather, they expand the expressive scope of the language, infuse the text with freshness and open new intellectual and aesthetic possibilities for the reader. Thus, through these linguistic experiments, the Urdu novel contributes not only to the evolution of literary tradition but also offers new dimensions for linguistic scholarship. The current paper focuses on the study of linguistic deviation in the novel “Qurbat e Marg Main Muhabat” by Mustansar Hussain Tarar.